The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Technical Efficiency of Manufacturing Industry in Indonesia

Diah Safitri, Wahyu Widodo

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tingkat efisiensi teknis dan menganalisis pengaruh pandemi COVID-19 terhadap efisiensi teknis industri manufaktur Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data tingkat subsektor manufaktur selama periode 2017–2022 dengan metode Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) dan fungsi produksi transcendental logarithmic (translog). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi teknis industri manufaktur Indonesia meningkat selama pandemi, dengan skor rata-rata tertinggi pada 2020 sebesar 0,869, diikuti 2021 sebesar 0,865. Efisiensi teknis cenderung lebih tinggi pada industri berukuran lebih besar, memiliki tingkat konsentrasi pasar lebih tinggi, rasio modal terhadap output lebih rendah, serta proporsi kepemilikan negara lebih kecil. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan efisiensi selama pandemi mencerminkan penyesuaian operasional dalam menghadapi tekanan krisis, bukan kondisi produksi yang ideal. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti empiris mengenai efisiensi dan ketahanan industri manufaktur Indonesia dalam menghadapi disrupsi pandemi. Implikasi kebijakannya mencakup penguatan kapasitas adaptasi industri melalui diversifikasi rantai pasokan, pengembangan industri hulu domestik, dan penyediaan infrastruktur logistik yang tangguh. Selain itu, konsolidasi usaha, investasi berbasis inovasi, dan reformasi tata kelola BUMN perlu diarahkan untuk mendukung efisiensi berkelanjutan dengan tetap menjaga persaingan yang sehat serta ruang bagi pelaku usaha kecil.

References

Aigner, D., Lovell, C. A. K., & Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6(1), 21–37.

Athira, A., Ramesh, V. K., & Sinu, M. (2024). COVID-19 pandemic and firm performance: An empirical investigation using a cross-country sample. IIMB Management Review, 36(3), 269–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2024.07.002

Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20, 325–332.

BPS. (2022). Statistik Industri Manufaktur 2020.

BPS. (2024). Produk Domestik Bruto Indonesia Triwulanan 2020-2024.

Candrawati, I. A., & Purwanti, P. A. P. (2024). Untapped Potential of Manufacturing MSEs in Bali Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(2), 383–398.

Ciravegna, L., Ahlstrom, D., Michailova, S., Oh, C. H., & Gaur, A. (2023). Exogenous shocks and MNEs: Learning from pandemics, conflicts, and other major disruptions. Journal of World Business, 58(6), 101487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101487

Coelli, T. J., & Henningsen, A. (2013). Package ‘frontier.’ Stochastic Frontier Analysis.

Esquivias, M. A., & Harianto, S. K. (2020). Does competition and foreign investment spur industrial efficiency?: firm-level evidence from Indonesia. Heliyon, 6(8).

Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 120(3), 253–281.

Gautam, S., Setu, S., Khan, M. G. Q., & Khan, M. B. (2022). Analysis of the health, economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19: The Bangladesh perspective. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 1(1), 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geogeo.2021.100011

Huang, G., & Shen, L. (2024). Does industrial agglomeration buffer firms from efficiency losses due to operational disruptions during public health emergencies? Evidence from China’s development zones. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105168.

Meiryani, M., Suryanto, E. F., & Clydee, C. (2022). Technical Efficiency of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Industry in Indonesia during the Pandemic: Application of DEA Model. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on E-Commerce, E-Business and E-Government, 329–335.

Pindyck, R. S., & Rubinfeld, D. L. (2013). Microeconomics. Pearson Educación.

Salvatore, D. (2001). Managerial Economics (N. Mahanani, Ed.; M. Th. Anitawati & N. Santoso, Trans.; 4th ed.). Harcourt College.

Setiawan, M., & Sule, E. T. (2020). Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants of the State-owned Enterprises in the Indonesian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Economics & Management, 14(3).

Uluwiyah, A., Nachrowi, N. D., Nuryakin, C., & Hartono, D. (2024). Firms’ Resilience and COVID-19: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–30.

Zhang, D., & Zheng, W. (2022). Does COVID-19 make the firms’ performance worse? Evidence from the Chinese listed companies. Economic Analysis and Policy, 74, 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.03.001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47729/indicators.v7i1.236